Transcriber's Note:
    Inconsistent spelling used in the original has been retained.




    [Illustration]




    THE BIOGRAPHY OF A GRIZZLY

    by

    ERNEST THOMPSON SETON

    Author of

      The Trail of the Sandhill Stag
      Wild Animals I Have Known
      Art Anatomy of Animals
      Mammals of Manitoba
      Birds of Manitoba
      Lives of Game Animals
      The Gospel of the Redman
      The Buffalo Wind

    Published by D. Appleton-Century Company, New York

    [Illustration]

    Copyright, 1899, 1900, by
    The Century Co.
    Copyright, 1900, by
    Ernest Seton-Thompson.

    Copyright Renewed, 1927
    by
    Ernest Thompson Seton

_All rights reserved. This book, or parts
thereof, must not be reproduced in any
form without permission of the publisher._


_Printed in the U. S. A._

    [Illustration]

This book is dedicated to the memory of days spent in Wind River Mountains
and on the Graybull, where from hunter, miner, and personal experience I
gathered many chapters of the History of Wahb.

    [Illustration]




    THE GRIZZLY


Nearly half a century has gone since I lived among these scenes and made my
observations on the grand Old Bear of the Mountains.

Many new conditions have in that time developed, have changed the course of
history. But the biggest, saddest change of all is that the Grizzly Bear,
the most magnificent, dignified, and powerful beast of the wild, heroic
West, is gone.

There may be a few individuals about Yellowstone Park or other great
havens, but the Grizzly Bear as the wide-wandering monarch of the hills has
gone the way of the Dodo.

It is just possible that in this last and latest time a newborn strong and
growing sentiment will come to the rescue, will prompt us to seek out and
preserve the last remnant, just as long-belated appreciation came at final
stance to save for later generations the Great Sequoia Tree, when man's
blind avarice had all but wiped it out. Good men are now at work with
better thoughts, and reverence for the masterpieces, the giants of
creation's world. It may be that this newer thought may come in force and
save the grand old Bear while yet it curbs his power for harm. This is my
hope and prayer; this is the sentiment unwritten, but expressed, in my
Story of the Grizzly.

                                       ERNEST THOMPSON SETON




  LIST OF FULL-PAGE DRAWINGS


                                                            PAGE

  They all Rushed Under it like a Lot of Little Pigs         14

  Like Children Playing "Hands"                              18

  He Stayed in the Tree till near Morning                    32

  A Savage Bobcat ... Warned Him to go Back                  44

  Wahb Yelled and Jerked Back                                50

  He Struck one Fearful, Crushing Blow                       74

  Ain't He an Awful Size, Though?                            90

  Wahb Smashed His Skull                                    102

  Causing the Pool to Overflow                              113

  He Deliberately Stood up on the Pine Root                 142

  The Roachback Fled into the Woods                         150

  He Paused a Moment at the Gate                            165




    PART I

    THE CUBHOOD OF WAHB

    [Illustration]

    [Illustration]




    I


He was born over a score of years ago, away up in the wildest part of the
wild West, on the head of the Little Piney, above where the Palette Ranch
is now.

His Mother was just an ordinary Silvertip, living the quiet life that all
Bears prefer, minding her own business and doing her duty by her family,
asking no favors of any one excepting to let her alone.

It was July before she took her remarkable family down the Little Piney to
the Graybull, and showed them what strawberries were, and where to find
them.

Notwithstanding their Mother's deep conviction, the cubs were not
remarkably big or bright; yet they were a remarkable family, for there were
four of them, and it is not often a Grizzly Mother can boast of more than
two.

    [Illustration]

The woolly-coated little creatures were having a fine time, and reveled in
the lovely mountain summer and the abundance of good things. Their Mother
turned over each log and flat stone they came to, and the moment it was
lifted they all rushed under it like a lot of little pigs to lick up the
ants and grubs there hidden.

    [Illustration: "THEY ALL RUSHED UNDER IT LIKE A LOT OF LITTLE PIGS."]

It never once occurred to them that Mammy's strength might fail sometime,
and let the great rock drop just as they got under it; nor would any one
have thought so that might have chanced to see that huge arm and that
shoulder sliding about under the great yellow robe she wore. No, no; that
arm could never fail. The little ones were quite right. So they hustled and
tumbled one another at each fresh log in their haste to be first, and
squealed little squeals, and growled little growls, as if each was a pig, a
pup, and a kitten all rolled into one.

They were well acquainted with the common little brown ants that harbor
under logs in the uplands, but now they came for the first time on one of
the hills of the great, fat, luscious Wood-ant, and they all crowded around
to lick up those that ran out. But they soon found that they were licking
up more cactus-prickles and sand than ants, till their Mother said in
Grizzly, "Let me show you how."

She knocked off the top of the hill, then laid her great paw flat on it for
a few moments, and as the angry ants swarmed on to it she licked them up
with one lick, and got a good rich mouthful to crunch without a grain of
sand or a cactus-stinger in it. The cubs soon learned. Each put up both his
little brown paws, so that there was a ring of paws all around the
ant-hill, and there they sat, like children playing "hands," and each
licked first the right and then the left paw, or one cuffed his brother's
ears for licking a paw that was not his own, till the ant-hill was cleared
out and they were ready for a change.

    [Illustration: "LIKE CHILDREN PLAYING 'HANDS.'"]

Ants are sour food and made the Bears thirsty, so the old one led down to
the river. After they had drunk as much as they wanted, and dabbled their
feet, they walked down the bank to a pool, where the old one's keen eye
caught sight of a number of Buffalo-fish basking on the bottom. The water
was very low, mere pebbly rapids between these deep holes, so Mammy said to
the little ones:

"Now you all sit there on the bank and learn something new."

    [Illustration]

First she went to the lower end of the pool and stirred up a cloud of mud
which hung in the still water, and sent a long tail floating like a curtain
over the rapids just below. Then she went quietly round by land, and sprang
into the upper end of the pool with all the noise she could. The fish had
crowded to that end, but this sudden attack sent them off in a panic, and
they dashed blindly into the mud-cloud. Out of fifty fish there is always a
good chance of some being fools, and half a dozen of these dashed through
the darkened water into the current, and before they knew it they were
struggling over the shingly shallow. The old Grizzly jerked them out to the
bank, and the little ones rushed noisily on these funny, short snakes that
could not get away, and gobbled and gorged till their little bellies looked
like balloons.

They had eaten so much now, and the sun was so hot, that all were quite
sleepy. So the Mother-bear led them to a quiet little nook, and as soon as
she lay down, though they were puffing with heat, they all snuggled around
her and went to sleep, with their little brown paws curled in, and their
little black noses tucked into their wool as though it were a very cold
day.

    [Illustration]

After an hour or two they began to yawn and stretch themselves, except
little Fuzz, the smallest; she poked out her sharp nose for a moment, then
snuggled back between her Mother's great arms, for she was a gentle,
petted little thing. The largest, the one afterward known as Wahb, sprawled
over on his back and began to worry a root that stuck up, grumbling to
himself as he chewed it, or slapped it with his paw for not staying where
he wanted it. Presently Mooney, the mischief, began tugging at Frizzle's
ears, and got his own well boxed. They clenched for a tussle; then, locked
in a tight, little grizzly yellow ball, they sprawled over and over on the
grass, and, before they knew it, down a bank, and away out of sight toward
the river.

    [Illustration]

Almost immediately there was an outcry of yells for help from the little
wrestlers. There could be no mistaking the real terror in their voices.
Some dreadful danger was threatening.

Up jumped the gentle Mother, changed into a perfect demon, and over the
bank in time to see a huge Range-bull make a deadly charge at what he
doubtless took for a yellow dog. In a moment all would have been over with
Frizzle, for he had missed his footing on the bank; but there was a
thumping of heavy feet, a roar that startled even the great Bull, and, like
a huge bounding ball of yellow fur, Mother Grizzly was upon him. Him! the
monarch of the herd, the master of all these plains, what had he to fear?
He bellowed his deep war-cry, and charged to pin the old one to the bank;
but as he bent to tear her with his shining horns, she dealt him a stunning
blow, and before he could recover she was on his shoulders, raking the
flesh from his ribs with sweep after sweep of her terrific claws.

    [Illustration]

The Bull roared with rage, and plunged and reared, dragging Mother Grizzly
with him; then, as he hurled heavily off the slope, she let go to save
herself, and the Bull rolled down into the river.

    [Illustration]

This was a lucky thing for him, for the Grizzly did not want to follow him
there; so he waded out on the other side, and bellowing with fury and pain,
slunk off to join the herd to which he belonged.




    II

    [Illustration]


Old Colonel Pickett, the cattle king, was out riding the range. The night
before, he had seen the new moon descending over the white cone of
Pickett's Peak.

"I saw the last moon over Frank's Peak," said he, "and the luck was against
me for a month; now I reckon it's my turn."

Next morning his luck began. A letter came from Washington granting his
request that a post-office be established at his ranch, and contained the
polite inquiry, "What name do you suggest for the new post-office?"

    [Illustration]

The Colonel took down his new rifle, a 45-90 repeater. "May as well," he
said; "this is my month"; and he rode up the Graybull to see how the cattle
were doing.

As he passed under the Rimrock Mountain he heard a far-away roaring as of
Bulls fighting, but thought nothing of it till he rounded the point and saw
on the flat below a lot of his cattle pawing the dust and bellowing as they
always do when they smell the blood of one of their number. He soon saw
that the great Bull, "the boss of the bunch," was covered with blood. His
back and sides were torn as by a Mountain-lion, and his head was battered
as by another Bull.

"Grizzly," growled the Colonel, for he knew the mountains. He quickly noted
the general direction of the Bull's back trail, then rode toward a high
bank that offered a view. This was across the gravelly ford of the
Graybull, near the mouth of the Piney. His horse splashed through the cold
water and began jerkily to climb the other bank.

As soon as the rider's head rose above the bank his hand grabbed the rifle,
for there in full sight were five Grizzly Bears, an old one and four cubs.

"Run for the woods," growled the Mother Grizzly, for she knew that men
carried guns. Not that she feared for herself; but the idea of such things
among her darlings was too horrible to think of. She set off to guide them
to the timber-tangle on the Lower Piney. But an awful, murderous fusillade
began.

    [Illustration]

_Bang!_ and Mother Grizzly felt a deadly pang.

_Bang!_ and poor little Fuzz rolled over with a scream of pain and lay
still.

With a roar of hate and fury Mother Grizzly turned to attack the enemy.

_Bang!_ and she fell paralyzed and dying with a high shoulder shot. And
the three little cubs, not knowing what to do, ran back to their Mother.

_Bang! bang!_ and Mooney and Frizzle sank in dying agonies beside her, and
Wahb, terrified and stupefied, ran in a circle about them. Then, hardly
knowing why, he turned and dashed into the timber-tangle, and disappeared
as a last _bang_ left him with a stinging pain and a useless, broken hind
paw.

                  *       *       *       *       *

That is why the post-office was called Four-Bears. The Colonel seemed
pleased with what he had done; indeed, he told of it himself.

    [Illustration]

But away up in the woods of Anderson's Peak that night a little lame
Grizzly might have been seen wandering, limping along, leaving a bloody
spot each time he tried to set down his hind paw; whining and whimpering,
"Mother! Mother! Oh, Mother, where are you?" for he was cold and hungry,
and had such a pain in his foot. But there was no Mother to come to him,
and he dared not go back where he had left her, so he wandered aimlessly
about among the pines.

    [Illustration]

Then he smelled some strange animal smell and heard heavy footsteps; and
not knowing what else to do, he climbed a tree. Presently a band of great,
long-necked, slim-legged animals, taller than his Mother, came by under the
tree. He had seen such once before and had not been afraid of them then,
because he had been with his Mother. But now he kept very quiet in the
tree, and the big creatures stopped picking the grass when they were near
him, and blowing their noses, ran out of sight.

    [Illustration]

He stayed in the tree till near morning, and then he was so stiff with cold
that he could scarcely get down. But the warm sun came up, and he felt
better as he sought about for berries and ants, for he was very hungry.
Then he went back to the Piney and put his wounded foot in the ice-cold
water.

    [Illustration: "HE STAYED IN THE TREE TILL NEAR MORNING."]

He wanted to get back to the mountains again, but still he felt he must go
to where he had left his Mother and brothers. When the afternoon grew
warm, he went limping down the stream through the timber, and down on the
banks of the Graybull till he came to the place where yesterday they had
had the fish-feast; and he eagerly crunched the heads and remains that he
found. But there was an odd and horrid smell on the wind. It frightened
him, and as he went down to where he last had seen his Mother the smell
grew worse. He peeped out cautiously at the place, and saw there a lot of
Coyotes, tearing at something. What it was he did not know; but he saw no
Mother, and the smell that sickened and terrified him was worse than ever,
so he quietly turned back toward the timber-tangle of the Lower Piney, and
nevermore came back to look for his lost family. He wanted his Mother as
much as ever, but something told him it was no use.

As cold night came down, he missed her more and more again, and he
whimpered as he limped along, a miserable, lonely, little, motherless
Bear--not lost in the mountains, for he had no home to seek, but so sick
and lonely, and with such a pain in his foot and in his stomach a craving
for the drink that would nevermore be his. That night he found a hollow
log, and crawling in, he tried to dream that his Mother's great, furry arms
were around him, and he snuffled himself to sleep.

    [Illustration]




    III


Wahb had always been a gloomy little Bear; and the string of misfortunes
that came on him just as his mind was forming made him more than ever
sullen and morose.

It seemed as though every one were against him. He tried to keep out of
sight in the upper woods of the Piney, seeking his food by day and resting
at night in the hollow log. But one evening he found it occupied by a
Porcupine as big as himself and as bad as a cactus-bush. Wahb could do
nothing with him. He had to give up the log and seek another nest.

    [Illustration]

One day he went down on the Graybull flat to dig some roots that his Mother
had taught him were good. But before he had well begun, a grayish-looking
animal came out of a hole in the ground and rushed at him, hissing and
growling. Wahb did not know it was a Badger, but he saw it was a fierce
animal as big as himself. He was sick, and lame too, so he limped away and
never stopped till he was on a ridge in the next caГ±on. Here a Coyote saw
him, and came bounding after him, calling at the same time to another to
come and join the fun. Wahb was near a tree, so he scrambled up to the
branches. The Coyotes came bounding and yelping below, but their noses told
them that this was a young Grizzly they had chased, and they soon decided
that a young Grizzly in a tree means a Mother Grizzly not far away, and
they had better let him alone.

    [Illustration]

After they had sneaked off Wahb came down and returned to the Piney. There
was better feeding on the Graybull, but every one seemed against him there
now that his loving guardian was gone, while on the Piney he had peace at
least sometimes, and there were plenty of trees that he could climb when an
enemy came.

His broken foot was a long time in healing; indeed, it never got quite
well. The wound healed and the soreness wore off, but it left a stiffness
that gave him a slight limp, and the sole-balls grew together quite unlike
those of the other foot. It particularly annoyed him when he had to climb a
tree or run fast from his enemies; and of them he found no end, though
never once did a friend cross his path. When he lost his Mother he lost his
best and only friend. She would have taught him much that he had to learn
by bitter experience, and would have saved him from most of the ills that
befell him in his cubhood--ills so many and so dire that but for his native
sturdiness he never could have passed through alive.

    [Illustration]

The piГ±ons bore plentifully that year, and the winds began to shower down
the ripe, rich nuts. Life was becoming a little easier for Wahb. He was
gaining in health and strength, and the creatures he daily met now let him
alone. But as he feasted on the piГ±ons one morning after a gale, a great
Blackbear came marching down the hill. "No one meets a friend in the
woods," was a byword that Wahb had learned already. He swung up the nearest
tree. At first the Blackbear was scared, for he smelled the smell of
Grizzly; but when he saw it was only a cub, he took courage and came
growling at Wahb. He could climb as well as the little Grizzly, or better,
and high as Wahb went, the Blackbear followed, and when Wahb got out on
the smallest and highest twig that would carry him, the Blackbear cruelly
shook him off, so that he was thrown to the ground, bruised and shaken and
half-stunned. He limped away moaning, and the only thing that kept the
Blackbear from following him up and perhaps killing him was the fear that
the old Grizzly might be about. So Wahb was driven away down the creek from
all the good piГ±on woods.

There was not much food on the Graybull now. The berries were nearly all
gone; there were no fish or ants to get, and Wahb, hurt, lonely, and
miserable, wandered on and on, till he was away down toward the Meteetsee.

    [Illustration]

A Coyote came bounding and barking through the sage-brush after him. Wahb
tried to run, but it was no use; the Coyote was soon up with him. Then with
a sudden rush of desperate courage Wahb turned and charged his foe. The
astonished Coyote gave a scared yowl or two, and fled with his tail between
his legs. Thus Wahb learned that war is the price of peace.

But the forage was poor here; there were too many cattle; and Wahb was
making for a far-away piГ±on woods in the Meteetsee CaГ±on when he saw a man,
just like the one he had seen on that day of sorrow. At the same moment he
heard a _bang_, and some sage-brush rattled and fell just over his back.
All the dreadful smells and dangers of that day came back to his memory,
and Wahb ran as he never had run before.

He soon got into a gully and followed it into the caГ±on. An opening between
two cliffs seemed to offer shelter, but as he ran toward it a Range-cow
came trotting between, shaking her head at him and snorting threats against
his life.

He leaped aside upon a long log that led up a bank, but at once a savage
Bobcat appeared on the other end and warned him to go back. It was no time
to quarrel. Bitterly Wahb felt that the world was full of enemies. But he
turned and scrambled up a rocky bank into the piГ±on woods that border the
benches of the Meteetsee.

    [Illustration: "A SAVAGE BOBCAT ... WARNED HIM TO GO BACK."]

The Pine Squirrels seemed to resent his coming, and barked furiously. They
were thinking about their piГ±on-nuts. They knew that this Bear was coming
to steal their provisions, and they followed him overhead to scold and
abuse him, with such an outcry that an enemy might have followed him by
their noise, which was exactly what they intended.

There was no one following, but it made Wahb uneasy and nervous. So he kept
on till he reached the timber line, where both food and foes were scarce,
and here on the edge of the Mountain-sheep land at last he got a chance to
rest.

    [Illustration]




    IV


Wahb never was sweet-tempered like his baby sister, and the persecutions by
his numerous foes were making him more and more sour. Why could not they
let him alone in his misery? Why was every one against him? If only he had
his Mother back! If he could only have killed that Blackbear that had
driven him from his woods! It did not occur to him that some day he himself
would be big. And that spiteful Bobcat, that took advantage of him; and
the man that had tried to kill him. He did not forget any of them, and he
hated them all.

Wahb found his new range fairly good, because it was a good nut year. He
learned just what the Squirrels feared he would, for his nose directed him
to the little granaries where they had stored up great quantities of nuts
for winter's use. It was hard on the Squirrels, but it was good luck for
Wahb, for the nuts were delicious food. And when the days shortened and the
nights began to be frosty, he had grown fat and well-favored.

He traveled over all parts of the caГ±on now, living mostly in the higher
woods, but coming down at times to forage almost as far as the river. One
night as he wandered by the deep water a peculiar smell reached his nose.
It was quite pleasant, so he followed it up to the water's edge. It seemed
to come from a sunken log. As he reached over toward this, there was a
sudden _clank_, and one of his paws was caught in a strong, steel
Beaver-trap.

    [Illustration: "WAHB YELLED AND JERKED BACK."]

Wahb yelled and jerked back with all his strength, and tore up the stake
that held the trap. He tried to shake it off, then ran away through the
bushes trailing it. He tore at it with his teeth; but there it hung, quiet,
cold, strong, and immovable. Every little while he tore at it with his
teeth and claws, or beat it against the ground. He buried it in the earth,
then climbed a low tree, hoping to leave it behind; but still it clung,
biting into his flesh. He made for his own woods, and sat down to try to
puzzle it out. He did not know what it was, but his little green-brown eyes
glared with a mixture of pain, fright, and fury as he tried to understand
his new enemy.

    [Illustration]

He lay down under the bushes, and, intent on deliberately crushing the
thing, he held it down with one paw while he tightened his teeth on the
other end, and bearing down as it slid away, the trap jaws opened and the
foot was free. It was mere chance, of course, that led him to squeeze both
springs at once. He did not understand it, but he did not forget it, and he
got these not very clear ideas: "There is a dreadful little enemy that
hides by the water and waits for one. It has an odd smell. It bites one's
paws and is too hard for one to bite. But it can be got off by hard
squeezing."

For a week or more the little Grizzly had another sore paw, but it was not
very bad if he did not do any climbing.

    [Illustration]

It was now the season when the Elk were bugling on the mountains. Wahb
heard them all night, and once or twice had to climb to get away from one
of the big-antlered Bulls. It was also the season when the trappers were
coming into the mountains, and the Wild Geese were honking overhead. There
were several quite new smells in the woods, too. Wahb followed one of these
up, and it led to a place where were some small logs piled together; then,
mixed with the smell that had drawn him, was one that he hated--he
remembered it from the time when he had lost his Mother. He sniffed about
carefully, for it was not very strong, and learned that this hateful smell
was on a log in front, and the sweet smell that made his mouth water was
under some brush behind. So he went around, pulled away the brush till he
got the prize, a piece of meat, and as he grabbed it, the log in front went
down with a heavy _chock_.

It made Wahb jump; but he got away all right with the meat and some new
ideas, and with one old idea made stronger, and that was, "When that
hateful smell is around it always means trouble."

    [Illustration]

As the weather grew colder, Wahb became very sleepy; he slept all day when
it was frosty. He had not any fixed place to sleep in; he knew a number of
dry ledges for sunny weather, and one or two sheltered nooks for stormy
days. He had a very comfortable nest under a root, and one day, as it began
to blow and snow, he crawled into this and curled up to sleep. The storm
howled without. The snow fell deeper and deeper. It draped the pine-trees
till they bowed, then shook themselves clear to be draped anew. It drifted
over the mountains and poured down the funnel-like ravines, blowing off the
peaks and ridges, and filling up the hollows level with their rims. It
piled up over Wahb's den, shutting out the cold of the winter, shutting out
itself: and Wahb slept and slept.

    [Illustration]




    V


He slept all winter without waking, for such is the way of Bears, and yet
when spring came and aroused him, he knew that he had been asleep a long
time. He was not much changed--he had grown in height, and yet was but
little thinner. He was now very hungry, and forcing his way through the
deep drift that still lay over his den, he set out to look for food.

There were no piГ±on-nuts to get, and no berries or ants; but Wahb's nose
led him away up the caГ±on to the body of a winter-killed Elk, where he had
a fine feast, and then buried the rest for future use.

    [Illustration]

Day after day he came back till he had finished it. Food was very scarce
for a couple of months, and after the Elk was eaten, Wahb lost all the fat
he had when he awoke. One day he climbed over the Divide into the Warhouse
Valley. It was warm and sunny there, vegetation was well advanced, and he
found good forage. He wandered down toward the thick timber, and soon
smelled the smell of another Grizzly. This grew stronger and led him to a
single tree by a Bear-trail. Wahb reared up on his hind feet to smell this
tree. It was strong of Bear, and was plastered with mud and Grizzly hair
far higher than he could reach; and Wahb knew that it must have been a very
large Bear that had rubbed himself there. He felt uneasy. He used to long
to meet one of his own kind, yet now that there was a chance of it he was
filled with dread.

No one had shown him anything but hatred in his lonely, unprotected life,
and he could not tell what this older Bear might do. As he stood in doubt,
he caught sight of the old Grizzly himself slouching along a hillside,
stopping from time to time to dig up the quamash-roots and wild turnips.

He was a monster. Wahb instinctively distrusted him, and sneaked away
through the woods and up a rocky bluff where he could watch.

Then the big fellow came on Wahb's track and rumbled a deep growl of anger;
he followed the trail to the tree, and rearing up, he tore the bark with
his claws, far above where Wahb had reached. Then he strode rapidly along
Wahb's trail. But the cub had seen enough. He fled back over the Divide
into the Meteetsee CaГ±on, and realized in his dim, bearish way that he was
at peace there because the Bear-forage was so poor.

As the summer came on, his coat was shed. His skin got very itchy, and he
found pleasure in rolling in the mud and scraping his back against some
convenient tree. He never climbed now: his claws were too long, and his
arms, though growing big and strong, were losing that suppleness of wrist
that makes cub Grizzlies and all Blackbears great climbers. He now dropped
naturally into the Bear habit of seeing how high he could reach with his
nose on the rubbing-post, whenever he was near one.

He may not have noticed it, yet each time he came to a post, after a week
or two away, he could reach higher, for Wahb was growing fast and coming
into his strength.

    [Illustration]

Sometimes he was at one end of the country that he felt was his, and
sometimes at another, but he had frequent use for the rubbing-tree, and
thus it was that his range was mapped out by posts with his own mark on
them.

One day late in summer he sighted a stranger on his land, a glossy
Blackbear, and he felt furious against the interloper. As the Blackbear
came nearer Wahb noticed the tan-red face, the white spot on his breast,
and then the bit out of his ear, and last of all the wind brought a whiff.
There could be no further doubt it was the very smell: this was the black
coward that had chased him down the Piney long ago. But how he had
shrunken! Before, he had looked like a giant; now Wahb felt he could crush
him with one paw. Revenge is sweet, Wahb felt, though he did not exactly
say it, and he went for that red-nosed Bear. But the Black one went up a
small tree like a Squirrel. Wahb tried to follow as the other once followed
him, but somehow he could not. He did not seem to know how to take hold
now, and after a while he gave it up and went away, although the Blackbear
brought him back more than once by coughing in derision. Later on that day,
when the Grizzly passed again, the red-nosed one had gone.

    [Illustration]

As the summer waned, the upper forage-grounds began to give out, and Wahb
ventured down to the Lower Meteetsee one night to explore. There was a
pleasant odor on the breeze, and following it up, Wahb came to the carcass
of a Steer. A good distance away from it were some tiny Coyotes, mere
dwarfs compared with those he remembered. Right by the carcass was another
that jumped about in the moonlight in a foolish way. For some strange
reason it seemed unable to get away. Wahb's old hatred broke out. He rushed
up. In a flash the Coyote bit him several times before, with one blow of
that great paw, Wahb smashed him into a limp, furry rag; then broke in all
his ribs with a crunch or two of his jaws. Oh, but it was good to feel the
hot, bloody juices oozing between his teeth!

    [Illustration]

The Coyote was caught in a trap. Wahb hated the smell of the iron, so he
went to the other side of the carcass, where it was not so strong, and had
eaten but little before _clank_, and his foot was caught in a Wolf-trap
that he had not seen.

    [Illustration]

But he remembered that he had once before been caught and had escaped by
squeezing the trap. He set a hind foot on each spring and pressed till the
trap opened and released his paw. About the carcass was the smell that he
knew stood for man, so he left it and wandered down-stream; but more and
more often he got whiffs of that horrible odor, so he turned and went back
to his quiet piГ±on benches.




    PART II

    THE DAYS OF HIS STRENGTH

    [Illustration]




    I


Wahb's third summer had brought him the stature of a large-sized Bear,
though not nearly the bulk and power that in time were his. He was very
light-colored now, and this was why Spahwat, a Shoshone Indian who more
than once hunted him, called him the Whitebear, or Wahb.

Spahwat was a good hunter, and as soon as he saw the rubbing-tree on the
Upper Meteetsee he knew that he was on the range of a big Grizzly. He
bushwhacked the whole valley, and spent many days before he found a chance
to shoot; then Wahb got a stinging flesh-wound in the shoulder. He growled
horribly, but it had seemed to take the fight out of him; he scrambled up
the valley and over the lower hills till he reached a quiet haunt, where he
lay down.

    [Illustration]

His knowledge of healing was wholly instinctive. He licked the wound and
all around it, and sought to be quiet. The licking removed the dirt, and by
massage reduced the inflammation, and it plastered the hair down as a sort
of dressing over the wound to keep out the air, dirt, and microbes. There
could be no better treatment.

    [Illustration]

But the Indian was on his trail. Before long the smell warned Wahb that a
foe was coming, so he quietly climbed farther up the mountain to another
resting-place. But again he sensed the Indian's approach, and made off.
Several times this happened, and at length there was a second shot and
another galling wound. Wahb was furious now. There was nothing that really
frightened him but that horrible odor of man, iron, and guns, that he
remembered from the day when he lost his Mother; but now all fear of these
left him. He heaved painfully up the mountain again, and along under a
six-foot ledge, then up and back to the top of the bank, where he lay
flat. On came the Indian, armed with knife and gun; deftly, swiftly keeping
on the trail; gloating joyfully over each bloody print that meant such
anguish to the hunted Bear. Straight up the slide of broken rock he came,
where Wahb, ferocious with pain, was waiting on the ledge. On sneaked the
dogged hunter; his eye still scanned the bloody slots or swept the woods
ahead, but never was raised to glance above the ledge. And Wahb, as he saw
this shape of Death relentless on his track, and smelled the hated smell,
poised his bulk at heavy cost upon his quivering, mangled arm, there held
until the proper instant came, then to his sound arm's matchless native
force he added all the weight of desperate hate as down he struck one
fearful, crushing blow. The Indian sank without a cry, and then dropped out
of sight. Wahb rose, and sought again a quiet nook where he might nurse his
wounds. Thus he learned that one must fight for peace; for he never saw
that Indian again, and he had time to rest and recover.

    [Illustration: "HE STRUCK ONE FEARFUL, CRUSHING BLOW."]

    [Illustration]




    II


The years went on as before, except that each winter Wahb slept less
soundly, and each spring he came out earlier and was a bigger Grizzly, with
fewer enemies that dared to face him. When his sixth year came he was a
very big, strong, sullen Bear, with neither friendship nor love in his life
since that evil day on the Lower Piney.

    [Illustration]

No one ever heard of Wahb's mate. No one believes that he ever had one.
The love-season of Bears came and went year after year, but left him alone
in his prime as he had been in his youth. It is not good for a Bear to be
alone; it is bad for him in every way. His habitual moroseness grew with
his strength, and any one chancing to meet him now would have called him a
dangerous Grizzly.

    [Illustration]

He had lived in the Meteetsee Valley since first he betook himself there,
and his character had been shaped by many little adventures with traps and
his wild rivals of the mountains. But there was none of the latter that he
now feared and he knew enough to avoid the first, for that penetrating odor
of man and iron was a never-failing warning, especially after an
experience which befell him in his sixth year.

His ever-reliable nose told him that there was a dead Elk down among the
timber.

    [Illustration]

He went up the wind, and there, sure enough, was the great delicious
carcass, already torn open at the very best place. True, there was that
terrible man-and-iron taint, but it was so slight and the feast so tempting
that after circling around and inspecting the carcass from his eight feet
of stature, as he stood erect, he went cautiously forward, and at once was
caught by his left paw in an enormous Bear-trap. He roared with pain and
slashed about in a fury. But this was no Beaver-trap; it was a big
forty-pound Bear-catcher, and he was surely caught.

    [Illustration]

Wahb fairly foamed with rage, and madly grit his teeth upon the trap. Then
he remembered his former experiences. He placed the trap between his hind
legs, with a hind paw on each spring, and pressed down with all his weight.
But it was not enough. He dragged off the trap and its clog, and went
clanking up the mountain. Again and again he tried to free his foot, but in
vain, till he came where a great trunk crossed the trail a few feet from
the ground. By chance, or happy thought, he reared again under this and
made a new attempt. With a hind foot on each spring and his mighty
shoulders underneath the tree, he bore down with his titanic strength: the
great steel springs gave way, the jaws relaxed, and he tore out his foot.
So Wahb was free again, though he left behind a great toe which had been
nearly severed by the first snap of the steel.

    [Illustration]

Again Wahb had a painful wound to nurse, and as he was a left-handed
Bear,--that is, when he wished to turn a rock over he stood on the right
paw and turned with the left,--one result of this disablement was to rob
him for a time of all those dainty foods that are found under rocks or
logs. The wound healed at last, but he never forgot that experience, and
thenceforth the pungent smell of man and iron, even without the gun smell,
never failed to enrage him.

Many experiences had taught him that it is better to run if he only smelled
the hunter or heard him far away, but to fight desperately if the man was
close at hand. And the cow-boys soon came to know that the Upper Meteetsee
was the range of a Bear that was better let alone.




    III


One day after a long absence Wahb came into the lower part of his range,
and saw to his surprise one of the wooden dens that men make for
themselves. As he came around to get the wind, he sensed the taint that
never failed to infuriate him now, and a moment later he heard a loud
_bang_ and felt a stinging shock in his left hind leg, the old stiff leg.
He wheeled about, in time to see a man running toward the new-made shanty.
Had the shot been in his shoulder Wahb would have been helpless, but it was
not.

                  *       *       *       *       *

Mighty arms that could toss pine logs like broomsticks, paws that with one
tap could crush the biggest Bull upon the range, claws that could tear huge
slabs of rock from the mountain-side--what was even the deadly rifle to
them!

                  *       *       *       *       *

When the man's partner came home that night he found him on the reddened
shanty floor. The bloody trail from outside and a shaky, scribbled note on
the back of a paper novel told the tale.

    It was Wahb done it. I seen him by the spring and wounded him. I
    tried to git on the shanty, but he ketched me. My God, how I
    suffer!
                                                       JACK.

    [Illustration]

It was all fair. The man had invaded the Bear's country, had tried to take
the Bear's life, and had lost his own. But Jack's partner swore he would
kill that Bear.

He took up the trail and followed it up the caГ±on, and there bushwhacked
and hunted day after day. He put out baits and traps, and at length one day
he heard a _crash_, _clatter_, _thump_, and a huge rock bounded down a bank
into a wood, scaring out a couple of deer that floated away like
thistle-down. Miller thought at first that it was a land-slide; but he soon
knew that it was Wahb that had rolled the boulder over merely for the sake
of two or three ants beneath it.

    [Illustration]

The wind had not betrayed him, so on peering through the bush Miller saw
the great Bear as he fed, favoring his left hind leg and growling sullenly
to himself at a fresh twinge of pain. Miller steadied himself, and thought,
"Here goes a finisher or a dead miss." He gave a sharp whistle, the Bear
stopped every move, and, as he stood with ears acock, the man fired at his
head.

But at that moment the great shaggy head moved, only an infuriating scratch
was given, the smoke betrayed the man's place, and the Grizzly made savage,
three-legged haste to catch his foe.

Miller dropped his gun and swung lightly into a tree, the only large one
near. Wahb raged in vain against the trunk. He tore off the bark with his
teeth and claws; but Miller was safe beyond his reach. For fully four hours
the Grizzly watched, then gave it up, and slowly went off into the bushes
till lost to view. Miller watched him from the tree, and afterward waited
nearly an hour to be sure that the Bear was gone. He then slipped to the
ground, got his gun, and set out for camp. But Wahb was cunning; he had
only _seemed_ to go away, and then had sneaked back quietly to watch. As
soon as the man was away from the tree, too far to return, Wahb dashed
after him. In spite of his wounds the Bear could move the faster. Within a
quarter of a mile--well, Wahb did just what the man had sworn to do to
him.

Long afterward his friends found the gun and enough to tell the tale.

The claim-shanty on the Meteetsee fell to pieces. It never again was used,
for no man cared to enter a country that had but few allurements to offset
its evident curse of ill luck, and where such a terrible Grizzly was always
on the war-path.

    [Illustration]




    IV

    [Illustration]


Then they found good gold on the Upper Meteetsee. Miners came in pairs and
wandered through the peaks, rooting up the ground and spoiling the little
streams--grizzly old men mostly, that had lived their lives in the mountain
and were themselves slowly turning into Grizzly Bears; digging and grubbing
everywhere, not for good, wholesome roots, but for that shiny yellow
sand that they could not eat; living the lives of Grizzlies, asking nothing
but to be let alone to dig.

    [Illustration: "'AIN'T HE AN AWFUL SIZE, THOUGH?'"]

They seemed to understand Grizzly Wahb. The first time they met, Wahb
reared up on his hind legs, and the wicked green lightnings began to
twinkle in his small eyes. The elder man said to his mate:

"Let him alone, and he won't bother you."

"Ain't he an awful size, though?" replied the other, nervously.

Wahb was about to charge, but something held him back--a something that had
no reference to his senses, that was felt only when they were still; a
something that in Bear and Man is wiser than his wisdom, and that points
the way at every doubtful fork in the dim and winding trail.

    [Illustration]

Of course Wahb did not understand what the men said, but he did feel that
there was something different here. The smell of man and iron was there,
but not of that maddening kind, and he missed the pungent odor that even
yet brought back the dark days of his cubhood.

The men did not move, so Wahb rumbled a subterranean growl, dropped down on
his four feet, and went on.

Late the same year Wahb ran across the red-nosed Blackbear. How that Bear
did keep on shrinking! Wahb could have hurled him across the Graybull with
one tap now.

    [Illustration]

But the Blackbear did not mean to let him try. He hustled his fat, podgy
body up a tree at a rate that made him puff. Wahb reached up nine feet from
the ground, and with one rake of his huge claws tore off the bark clear to
the shining white wood and down nearly to the ground; and the Blackbear
shivered and whimpered with terror as the scraping of those awful claws ran
up the trunk and up his spine in a way that was horribly suggestive.

What was it that the sight of that Blackbear stirred in Wahb? Was it
memories of the Upper Piney, long forgotten; thoughts of a woodland rich
in food?

    [Illustration]

Wahb left him trembling up there as high as he could get, and without any
very clear purpose swung along the upper benches of the Meteetsee down to
the Graybull, around the foot of the Rimrock Mountain; on, till hours later
he found himself in the timber-tangle of the Lower Piney, and among the
berries and ants of the old times.

He had forgotten what a fine land the Piney was: plenty of food, no miners
to spoil the streams, no hunters to keep an eye on, and no mosquitoes or
flies, but plenty of open, sunny glades and sheltering woods, backed up by
high, straight cliffs to turn the colder winds.

There were, moreover, no resident Grizzlies, no signs even of passing
travelers, and the Blackbears that were in possession did not count.

Wahb was well pleased. He rolled his vast bulk in an old Buffalo-wallow,
and rearing up against a tree where the Piney CaГ±on quits the Graybull
CaГ±on, he left on it his mark fully eight feet from the ground.

In the days that followed he wandered farther and farther up among the
rugged spurs of the Shoshones, and took possession as he went. He found the
sign-boards of several Blackbears, and if they were small dead trees he
sent them crashing to earth with a drive of his giant paw. If they were
green, he put his own mark over the other mark, and made it clearer by
slashing the bark with the great pickaxes that grew on his toes.

    [Illustration]

The Upper Piney had so long been a Blackbear range that the Squirrels had
ceased storing their harvest in hollow trees, and were now using the spaces
under flat rocks, where the Blackbears could not get at them; so Wahb found
this a land of plenty: every fourth or fifth rock in the pine woods was the
roof of a Squirrel or Chipmunk granary, and when he turned it over, if the
little owner were there, Wahb did not scruple to flatten him with his paw
and devour him as an agreeable relish to his own provisions.

And wherever Wahb went he put up his sign-board:

                     Trespassers beware!

It was written on the trees as high up as he could reach, and every one
that came by understood that the scent of it and the hair in it were those
of the great Grizzly Wahb.

    [Illustration]

If his Mother had lived to train him, Wahb would have known that a good
range in spring may be a bad one in summer. Wahb found out by years of
experience that a total change with the seasons is best. In the early
spring the Cattle and Elk ranges, with their winter-killed carcasses, offer
a bountiful feast. In early summer the best forage is on the warm
hillsides where the quamash and the Indian turnip grow. In late summer the
berry-bushes along the river-flat are laden with fruit, and in autumn the
pine woods gave good chances to fatten for the winter. So he added to his
range each year. He not only cleared out the Blackbears from the Piney and
the Meteetsee, but he went over the Divide and killed that old fellow that
had once chased him out of the Warhouse Valley. And, more than that, he
held what he had won, for he broke up a camp of tenderfeet that were
looking for a ranch location on the Middle Meteetsee; he stampeded their
horses, and made general smash of the camp. And so all the animals,
including man, came to know that the whole range from Frank's Peak to the
Shoshone spurs was the proper domain of a king well able to defend it, and
the name of that king was Meteetsee Wahb.

    [Illustration]

Any creature whose strength puts him beyond danger of open attack is apt to
lose in cunning. Yet Wahb never forgot his early experience with the traps.
He made it a rule never to go near that smell of man and iron, and that was
the reason that he never again was caught.

    [Illustration]

So he led his lonely life and slouched around on the mountains, throwing
boulders about like pebbles, and huge trunks like matchwood, as he sought
for his daily food. And every beast of hill and plain soon came to know
and fly in fear of Wahb, the one time hunted, persecuted Cub. And more than
one Blackbear paid with his life for the ill-deed of that other, long ago.
And many a cranky Bobcat flying before him took to a tree, and if that tree
were dead and dry, Wahb heaved it down, and tree and Cat alike were dashed
to bits. Even the proud-necked Stallion, leader of the mustang band,
thought well for once to yield the road. The great, grey Timberwolves, and
the Mountain Lions too, left their new kill and sneaked in sullen fear
aside when Wahb appeared. And if, as he hulked across the sage-covered
river-flat sending the scared Antelope skimming like birds before him,
he was faced perchance, by some burly Range-bull, too young to be wise and
too big to be afraid, Wahb smashed his skull with one blow of that giant
paw, and served him as the Range-cow would have served himself long years
ago.

    [Illustration: "WAHB SMASHED HIS SKULL."]

The All-mother never fails to offer to her own, twin cups, one gall, and
one of balm. Little or much they may drink, but equally of each. The
mountain that is easy to descend must soon be climbed again. The grinding
hardship of Wahb's early days had built his mighty frame. All usual
pleasures of a grizzly's life had been denied him but _power_ bestowed in
more than double share.

    [Illustration]

So he lived on year after year, unsoftened by mate or companion, sullen,
fearing nothing, ready to fight, but asking only to be let alone--quite
alone. He had but one keen pleasure in his sombre life--the lasting glory
in his matchless strength--the small but never failing thrill of joy as the
foe fell crushed and limp, or the riven boulders grit and heaved when he
turned on them the measure of his wondrous force.