THE BIOGRAPHY OF A GRIZZLY

and

75 Drawings

by

ERNEST SETON-THOMPSON


Author of:
The Trail of the Sandhill Stag
Wild Animals I Have Known
Art Anatomy of Animals
Mammals of Manitoba
Birds of Manitoba


1899


This Book is dedicated to the memory of the days spent at the
Palette Ranch on the Graybull, where from hunter, miner, personal
experience, and the host himself, I gathered many chapters of the
History of Wahb.

[Illustration: ] In this Book the designs for title-page, cover, and
general makeup, were done by Mrs. Grace Gallatin Seton-Thompson.

[Illustration: ] List of Full-Page Drawings

They all Rushed Under it like a Lot of Little Pigs

Like Children Playing 'Hands'

He Stayed in the Tree till near Morning

A Savage Bobcat ... Warned Him to go Back

Wahb Yelled and Jerked Back

He Struck one Fearful, Crushing Blow

Ain't He an Awful Size, Though?

Wahb Smashed His Skull

Causing the Pool to Overflow

He Deliberately Stood up on the Pine Root

The Roachback Fled into the Woods

He Paused a Moment at the Gate




PART I

THE CUBHOOD OF WAHB

[Illustration:]


I.

He was born over a score of years ago, away up in the wildest part of
the wild West, on the head of the Little Piney, above where the Palette
Ranch is now.

His Mother was just an ordinary Silvertip, living the quiet life that
all Bears prefer, minding her own business and doing her duty by her
family, asking no favors of any one excepting to let her alone. It was
July before she took her remarkable family down the Little Piney to the
Graybull, and showed them what strawberries were, and where to find
them.

Notwithstanding their Mother's deep conviction, the cubs were not
remarkably big or bright; yet they were a remarkable family, for there
were four of them, and it is not often a Grizzly Mother can boast of
more than two.

[Illustration]

The woolly-coated little creatures were having a fine time, and reveled
in the lovely mountain summer and the abundance of good things. Their
Mother turned over each log and flat stone they came to, and the moment
it was lifted they all rushed under it like a lot of little pigs to lick
up the ants and grubs there hidden.

It never once occurred to them that Mammy's strength might fail
sometime, and let the great rock drop just as they got under it; nor
would any one have thought so that might have chanced to see that huge
arm and that shoulder sliding about under the great yellow robe she
wore. No, no; that arm could never fail. The little ones were quite
right. So they hustled and tumbled one another at each fresh log in
their haste to be first, and squealed little squeals, and growled little
growls, as if each was a pig, a pup, and a kitten all rolled into one.

They were well acquainted with the common little brown ants that harbor
under logs in the uplands, but now they came for the first time on one
of the hills of the great, fat, luscious Wood-ant, and they all crowded
around to lick up those that ran out. But they soon found that they were
licking up more cactus-prickles and sand than ants, till their Mother
said in Grizzly, "Let me show you how."

She knocked off the top of the hill, then laid her great paw flat on it
for a few moments, and as the angry ants swarmed on to it she licked
them up with one lick, and got a good rich mouthful to crunch, without a
grain of sand or a cactus-stinger in it. The cubs soon learned. Each
put up both his little brown paws, so that there was a ring of paws all
around the ant-hill, and there they sat, like children playing 'hands,'
and each licked first the right and then the left paw, or one cuffed his
brother's ears for licking a paw that was not his own, till the ant-hill
was cleared out and they were ready for a change.

Ants are sour food and made the Bears thirsty, so the old one led down
to the river. After they had drunk as much as they wanted, and dabbled
their feet, they walked down the bank to a pool, where the old one's
keen eye caught sight of a number of Buffalo-fish basking on the bottom.
The water was very low, mere pebbly rapids between these deep holes, so
Mammy said to the little ones:

"Now you all sit there on the bank and learn something new."

[Illustration: ]

First she went to the lower end of the pool and stirred up a cloud of
mud which hung in the still water, and sent a long tail floating like a
curtain over the rapids just below. Then she went quietly round by land,
and sprang into the upper end of the pool with all the noise she could.
The fish had crowded to that end, but this sudden attack sent them off
in a panic, and they dashed blindly into the mud-cloud. Out of fifty
fish there is always a good chance of some being fools, and half a dozen
of these dashed through the darkened water into the current, and before
they knew it they were struggling over the shingly shallow. The old
Grizzly jerked them out to the bank, and the little ones rushed noisily
on these funny, short snakes that could not get away, and gobbled and
gorged till their little bellies looked like balloons.

They had eaten so much now, and the sun was so hot, that all were quite
sleepy. So the Mother-bear led them to a quiet little nook, and as soon
as she lay down, though they were puffing with heat, they all snuggled
around her and went to sleep, with their little brown paws curled in,
and their little black noses tucked into their wool as though it were a
very cold day.

[Illustration: ]

After an hour or two they began to yawn and stretch themselves, except
little Fuzz, the smallest; she poked out her sharp nose for a moment,
then snuggled back between her Mother's great arms, for she was a
gentle, petted little thing. The largest, the one afterward known as
Wahb, sprawled over on his back and began to worry a root that stuck up,
grumbling to himself as he chewed it, or slapped it with his paw for not
staying where he wanted it. Presently Mooney, the mischief, began
tugging at Frizzle's ears, and got his own well boxed. They clenched for
a tussle; then, locked in a tight, little grizzly yellow ball, they
sprawled over and over on the grass, and, before they knew it, down a
bank, and away out of sight toward the river.

[Illustration: ]

Almost immediately there was an outcry of yells for help from the little
wrestlers. There could be no mistaking the real terror in their voices.
Some dreadful danger was threatening.

[Illustration: ]

Up jumped the gentle Mother, changed into a perfect demon, and over the
bank in time to see a huge Range-bull make a deadly charge at what he
doubtless took for a yellow dog. In a moment all would have been over
with Frizzle, for he had missed his footing on the bank; but there was a
thumping of heavy feet, a roar that startled even the great Bull, and,
like a huge bounding ball of yellow fur, Mother Grizzly was upon him.
Him! the monarch of the herd, the master of all these plains, what had
he to fear? He bellowed his deep war-cry, and charged to pin the old one
to the bank; but as he bent to tear her with his shining horns, she
dealt him a stunning blow, and before he could recover she was on his
shoulders, raking the flesh from his ribs with sweep after sweep of her
terrific claws.

The Bull roared with rage, and plunged and reared, dragging Mother
Grizzly with him; then, as he hurled heavily off the slope, she let go
to save herself, and the Bull rolled down into the river.

[Illustration]

This was a lucky thing for him, for the Grizzly did not want to follow
him there; so he waded out on the other side, and bellowing with
fury and pain, slunk off to join the herd to which he belonged.

[Illustration: desc. Mountain peaks]




II.

Old Colonel Pickett, the cattle king, was out riding the range. The
night before, he had seen the new moon descending over the white cone of
Pickett's Peak.

"I saw the last moon over Frank's Peak," said he, "and the luck was
against me for a month; now I reckon it's my turn."

Next morning his luck began. A letter came from Washington granting his
request that a post-office be established at his ranch, and contained
the polite inquiry, "What name do you suggest for the new post-office?"

[Illustration]

The Colonel took down his new rifle, a 45-90 repeater. "May as well,"
he said; "this is my month"; and he rode up the Graybull to see how the
cattle were doing.

As he passed under the Rimrock Mountain he heard a far-away roaring as
of Bulls fighting, but thought nothing of it till he rounded the point
and saw on the flat below a lot of his cattle pawing the dust and
bellowing as they always do when they smell the blood of one of their
number. He soon saw that the great Bull, 'the boss of the bunch,' was
covered with blood. His back and sides were torn as by a Mountain-lion,
and his head was battered as by another Bull.

"Grizzly," growled the Colonel, for he knew the mountains. He quickly
noted the general direction of the Bull's back trail, then rode toward a
high bank that offered a view. This was across the gravelly ford of the
Graybull, near the mouth of the Piney. His horse splashed through the
cold water and began jerkily to climb the other bank.

As soon as the rider's head rose above the bank his hand grabbed the
rifle, for there in full sight were five Grizzly Bears, an old one and
four cubs. "Run for the woods," growled the Mother Grizzly, for she knew
that men carried guns. Not that she feared for herself; but the idea of
such things among her darlings was too horrible to think of. She set off
to guide them to the timber-tangle on the Lower Piney. But an awful,
murderous fusillade began.

_Bang_! and Mother Grizzly felt a deadly pang.

_Bang_! and poor little Fuzz rolled over with a scream of pain and lay
still.

With a roar of hate and fury Mother Grizzly turned to attack the enemy.

[Illustration]

_Bang_! and she fell paralyzed and dying with a high shoulder shot. And
the three little cubs, not knowing what to do, ran back to their Mother.

_Bang! bang_! and Mooney and Frizzle sank in dying agonies beside her,
and Wahb, terrified and stupefied, ran in a circle about them. Then,
hardly knowing why, he turned and dashed into the timber-tangle, and
disappeared as a last _bang_ left him with a stinging pain and a
useless, broken hind paw.

       *       *       *       *       *

That is why the post-office was called Four-Bears. The Colonel seemed
pleased with what he had done; indeed, he told of it himself.

[Illustration]

But away up in the woods of Anderson's Peak that night a little lame
Grizzly might have been seen wandering, limping along, leaving a
bloody spot each time he tried to set down his hind paw; whining and
whimpering, "Mother! Mother! Oh, Mother, where are you?" for he was cold
and hungry, and had such a pain in his foot. But there was no Mother
to come to him, and he dared not go back where he had left her, so he
wandered aimlessly about among the pines.

[Illustration: description: bear paw prints]

Then he smelled some strange animal smell and heard heavy footsteps;
and not knowing what else to do, he climbed a tree. Presently a band of
great, long-necked, slim-legged animals, taller than his Mother, came by
under the tree. He had seen such once before and had not been afraid of
them then, because he had been with his Mother. But now he kept very
quiet in the tree, and the big creatures stopped picking the grass when
they were near him, and blowing their noses, ran out of sight.

[Illustration]

He stayed in the tree till near morning, and then he was so stiff with
cold that he could scarcely get down. But the warm sun came up, and he
felt better as he sought about for berries and ants, for he was very
hungry. Then he went back to the Piney and put his wounded foot in the
ice-cold water.

He wanted to get back to the mountains again, but still he felt he must
go to where he had left his Mother and brothers. When the afternoon grew
warm, he went limping down the stream through the timber, and down on
the banks of the Graybull till he came to the place where yesterday they
had had the fish-feast; and he eagerly crunched the heads and remains
that he found. But there was an odd and horrid smell on the wind. It
frightened him, and as he went down to where he last had seen his Mother
the smell grew worse. He peeped out cautiously at the place, and saw
there a lot of Coyotes, tearing at something. What it was he did not
know; but he saw no Mother, and the smell that sickened and terrified
him was worse than ever, so he quietly turned back toward the
timber-tangle of the Lower Piney, and nevermore came back to look for
his lost family. He wanted his Mother as much as ever, but something
told him it was no use.

As cold night came down, he missed her more and more again, and he
whimpered as he limped along, a miserable, lonely, little, motherless
Bear--not lost in the mountains, for he had no home to seek, but so
sick and lonely, and with such a pain in his foot, and in his stomach a
craving for the drink that would nevermore be his. That night he found a
hollow log, and crawling in, he tried to dream that his Mother's great,
furry arms were around him, and he snuffled himself to sleep.

[Illustration]




III.

Wahb had always been a gloomy little Bear; and the string of misfortunes
that came on him just as his mind was forming made him more than ever
sullen and morose. It seemed as though every one were against him. He
tried to keep out of sight in the upper woods of the Piney, seeking his
food by day and resting at night in the hollow log. But one evening
he found it occupied by a Porcupine as big as himself and as bad as a
cactus-bush. Wahb could do nothing with him. He had to give up the log
and seek another nest.

[Illustration]

One day he went down on the Graybull flat to dig some roots that his
Mother had taught him were good. But before he had well begun, a
grayish-looking animal came out of a hole in the ground and rushed at
him, hissing and growling. Wahb did not know it was a Badger, but he saw
it was a fierce animal as big as himself. He was sick, and lame too,
so he limped away and never stopped till he was on a ridge in the next
cañon. Here a Coyote saw him, and came bounding after him, calling at
the same time to another to come and join the fun. Wahb was near a
tree, so he scrambled up to the branches. The Coyotes came bounding and
yelping below, but their noses told them that this was a young Grizzly
they had chased, and they soon decided that a young Grizzly in a tree
means a Mother Grizzly not far away, and they had better let him alone.

[Illustration]

After they had sneaked off Wahb came down and returned to the Piney.
There was better feeding on the Graybull, but every one seemed against
him there now that his loving guardian was gone, while on the Piney he
had peace at least sometimes, and there were plenty of trees that he
could climb when an enemy came.

His broken foot was a long time in healing; indeed, it never got
quite well. The wound healed and the soreness wore off, but it left a
stiffness that gave him a slight limp, and the sole-balls grew together
quite unlike those of the other foot. It particularly annoyed him when
he had to climb a tree or run fast from his enemies; and of them he
found no end, though never once did a friend cross his path. When he
lost his Mother he lost his best and only friend. She would have taught
him much that he had to learn by bitter experience, and would have saved
him from most of the ills that befell him in his cubhood--ills so many
and so dire that but for his native sturdiness he never could have
passed through alive.

The piñons bore plentifully that year, and the winds began to shower
down the ripe, rich nuts. Life was becoming a little easier for Wahb. He
was gaining in health and strength, and the creatures he daily met now
let him alone. But as he feasted on the piñons one morning after a gale,
a great Black-bear came marching down the hill. 'No one meets a friend
in the woods,' was a byword that Wahb had learned already. He swung up
the nearest tree. At first the Black-bear was scared, for he smelled the
smell of Grizzly; but when he saw it was only a cub, he took courage and
came growling at Wahb. He could climb as well as the little Grizzly, or
better, and high as Wahb went, the Blackbear followed, and when
Wahb got out on the smallest and highest twig that would carry him, the
Blackbear cruelly shook him off, so that he was thrown to the ground,
bruised and shaken and half-stunned. He limped away moaning, and the
only thing that kept the Blackbear from following him up and perhaps
killing him was the fear that the old Grizzly might be about. So Wahb
was driven away down the creek from all the good piñon woods.

There was not much food on the Graybull now. The berries were nearly all
gone; there were no fish or ants to get, and Wahb, hurt, lonely,
and miserable, wandered on and on, till he was away down toward the
Meteetsee. A Coyote came bounding and barking through the sage-brush
after him. Wahb tried to run, but it was no use; the Coyote was soon up
with him. Then with a sudden rush of desperate courage Wahb turned and
charged his foe. The astonished Coyote gave a scared yowl or two, and
fled with his tail between his legs. Thus Wahb learned that war is the
price of peace.

But the forage was poor here; there were too many cattle; and Wahb was
making for a far-away piñon woods in the Meteetsee Cañon when he saw a
man, just like the one he had seen on that day of sorrow. At the same
moment he heard a _bang_, and some sage-brush rattled and fell just over
his back. All the dreadful smells and dangers of that day came back to
his memory, and Wahb ran as he never had run before.

He soon got into a gully and followed it into the cañon. An opening
between two cliffs seemed to offer shelter, but as he ran toward it a
Range-cow came trotting between, shaking her head at him and snorting
threats against his life.

He leaped aside upon a long log that led up a bank, but at once a savage
Bobcat appeared on the other end and warned him to go back. It was no
time to quarrel. Bitterly Wahb felt that the world was full of enemies.
But he turned and scrambled up a rocky bank into the piñon woods that
border the benches of the Meteetsee.

The Pine Squirrels seemed to resent his coming, and barked furiously.
They were thinking about their piñon-nuts. They knew that this Bear was
coming to steal their provisions, and they followed him overhead to
scold and abuse him, with such an outcry that an enemy might have
followed him by their noise, which was exactly what they intended.

There was no one following, but it made Wahb uneasy and nervous. So he
kept on till he reached the timber line, where both food and foes were
scarce, and here on the edge of the Mountain-sheep land at last he got a
chance to rest.

[Illustration]




IV.

Wahb never was sweet-tempered like his baby sister, and the persecutions
by his numerous foes were making him more and more sour. Why could not
they let him alone in his misery? Why was every one against him? If only
he had his Mother back! If he could only have killed that Black-bear
that had driven him from his woods! It did not occur to him that some
day he himself would be big. And that spiteful Bobcat, that took
advantage of him; and the man that had tried to kill him. He did not
forget any of them, and he hated them all.

Wahb found his new range fairly good, because it was a good nut year. He
learned just what the Squirrels feared he would, for his nose directed
him to the little granaries where they had stored up great quantities
of nuts for winter's use. It was hard on the Squirrels, but it was good
luck for Wahb, for the nuts were delicious food. And when the days
shortened and the nights began to be frosty, he had grown fat and
well-favored.

He traveled over all parts of the cañon now, living mostly in the higher
woods, but coming down at times to forage almost as far as the river.
One night as he wandered by the deep-water a peculiar smell reached his
nose. It was quite pleasant, so he followed it up to the water's edge.
It seemed to come from a sunken log. As he reached over toward this,
there was a sudden _clank_, and one of his paws was caught in a strong,
steel Beaver-trap.

Wahb yelled and jerked back with all his strength, and tore up the stake
that held the trap. He tried to shake it off, then ran away through the
bushes trailing it. He tore at it with his teeth; but there it hung,
quiet, cold, strong, and immovable. Every little while he tore at it
with his teeth and claws, or beat it against the ground. He buried it in
the earth, then climbed a low tree, hoping to leave it behind; but still
it clung, biting into his flesh. He made for his own woods, and sat down
to try to puzzle it out. He did not know what it was, but his little
green-brown eyes glared with a mixture of pain, fright, and fury as he
tried to understand his new enemy.

[Illustration]

He lay down under the bushes, and, intent on deliberately crushing the
thing, he held it down with one paw while he tightened his teeth on the
other end, and bearing down as it slid away, the trap jaws opened and
the foot was free. It was mere chance, of course, that led him to
squeeze both springs at once. He did not understand it, but he did not
forget it, and he got these not very clear ideas: 'There is a dreadful
little enemy that hides by the water and waits for one. It has an odd
smell. It bites one's paws and is too hard for one to bite. But it can
be got off by hard squeezing.'

For a week or more the little Grizzly had another sore paw, but it was
not very bad if he did not do any climbing.

[Illustration: ]

It was now the season when the Elk were bugling on the mountains. Wahb
heard them all night, and once or twice had to climb to get away from
one of the big-antlered Bulls. It was also the season when the trappers
were coming into the mountains, and the Wild Geese were honking
overhead. There were several quite new smells in the woods, too. Wahb
followed one of these up, and it led to a place where were some small
logs piled together; then, mixed with the smell that had drawn him, was
one that he hated--he remembered it from the time when he had lost his
Mother. He sniffed about carefully, for it was not very strong, and
learned that this hateful smell was on a log in front, and the sweet
smell that made his mouth water was under some brush behind. So he went
around, pulled away the brush till he got the prize, a piece of meat,
and as he grabbed it, the log in front went down with a heavy _chock_.
It made Wahb jump; but he got away all right with the meat and some new
ideas, and with one old idea made stronger, and that was, 'When that
hateful smell is around it always means trouble.'

As the weather grew colder, Wahb became very sleepy; he slept all day
when it was frosty. He had not any fixed place to sleep in; he knew a
number of dry ledges for sunny weather, and one or two sheltered nooks
for stormy days. He had a very comfortable nest under a root, and one
day, as it began to blow and snow, he crawled into this and curled up
to sleep. The storm howled without. The snow fell deeper and deeper. It
draped the pine-trees till they bowed, then shook themselves clear to
be draped anew. It drifted over the mountains and poured down the
funnel-like ravines, blowing off the peaks and ridges, and filling up
the hollows level with their rims. It piled up over Wahb's den, shutting
out the cold of the winter, shutting out itself: and Wahb slept and
slept.




V.

He slept all winter without waking, for such is the way of Bears, and
yet when spring came and aroused him, he knew that he had been asleep a
long time. He was not much changed--he had grown in height, and yet was
but little thinner. He was now very hungry, and forcing his way through
the deep drift that still lay over his den, he set out to look for food.
There were no piñon-nuts to get, and no berries or ants; but Wahb's nose
led him away up the cañon to the body of a winter-killed Elk, where he
had a fine feast, and then buried the rest for future use.

Day after day he came back till he had finished it. Food was very scarce
for a couple of months, and after the Elk was eaten, Wahb lost all the
fat he had when he awoke. One day he climbed over the Divide into the
Warhouse Valley. It was warm and sunny there, vegetation was well
advanced, and he found good forage. He wandered down toward the thick
timber, and soon smelled the smell of another Grizzly. This grew
stronger and led him to a single tree by a Bear-trail. Wahb reared up
on his hind feet to smell this tree. It was strong of Bear, and was
plastered with mud and Grizzly hair far higher, than he could reach;
and Wahb knew that it must have been a very large Bear that had rubbed
himself there. He felt uneasy. He used to long to meet one of his own
kind, yet now that there was a chance of it he was filled with dread.

No one had shown him anything but hatred in his lonely, unprotected
life, and he could not tell what this older Bear might do. As he stood
in doubt, he caught sight of the old Grizzly himself slouching along a
hillside, stopping from time to time to dig up the quamash-roots and
wild turnips.

He was a monster. Wahb instinctively distrusted him, and sneaked
away through the woods and up a rocky bluff where he could watch.

Then the big fellow came on Wahb's track and rumbled a deep growl of
anger; he followed the trail to the tree, and rearing up, he tore the
bark with his claws, far above where Wahb had reached. Then he strode
rapidly along Wahb's trail. But the cub had seen enough. He fled back
over the Divide into the Meteetsee Cañon, and realized in his dim,
bearish way that he was at peace there because the Bear-forage was so
poor.

As the summer came on, his coat was shed. His skin got very itchy, and
he found pleasure in rolling in the mud and scraping his back against
some convenient tree. He never climbed now: his claws were too long, and
his arms, though growing big and strong, were losing that suppleness of
wrist that makes cub Grizzlies and all Blackbears great climbers. He now
dropped naturally into the Bear habit of seeing how high he could reach
with his nose on the rubbing-post, whenever he was near one.

He may not have noticed it, yet each time he came to a post, after a
week or two away, he could reach higher, for Wahb was growing fast and
coming into his strength.

Sometimes he was at one end of the country that he felt was his, and
sometimes at another, but he had frequent use for the rubbing-tree,
and thus it was that his range was mapped out by posts with his own mark
on them.

One day late in summer he sighted a stranger on his land, a glossy
Blackbear, and he felt furious against the interloper. As the Blackbear
came nearer Wahb noticed the tan-red face, the white spot on his breast,
and then the bit out of his ear, and last of all the wind brought a
whiff. There could be no further doubt; it was the very smell: this was
the black coward that had chased him down the Piney long ago. But how he
had shrunken! Before, he had looked like a giant; now Wahb felt he could
crush him with one paw. Revenge is sweet, Wahb felt, though he did not
exactly say it, and he went for that red-nosed Bear. But the Black one
went up a small tree like a Squirrel. Wahb tried to follow as the other
once followed him, but somehow he could not. He did not seem to know
how to take hold now, and after a while he gave it up and went away,
although the Blackbear brought him back more than once by coughing
in derision. Later on that day, when the Grizzly passed again, the
red-nosed one had gone.

[Illustration]

As the summer waned, the upper forage-grounds began to give out, and
Wahb ventured down to the Lower Meteetsee one night to explore. There
was a pleasant odor on the breeze, and following it up, Wahb came to the
carcass of a Steer. A good distance away from it were some tiny Coyotes,
mere dwarfs compared with those he remembered. Right by the carcass was
another that jumped about in the moonlight in a foolish way. For some
strange reason it seemed unable to get away. Wahb's old hatred broke
out. He rushed up. In a flash the Coyote bit him several times before,
with one blow of that great paw, Wahb smashed him into a limp, furry
rag; then broke in all his ribs with a crunch or two of his jaws. Oh,
but it was good to feel the hot, bloody juices oozing between his teeth!

The Coyote was caught in a trap. Wahb hated the smell of the iron, so he
went to the other side of the carcass, where it was not so strong,
and had eaten but little before _clank_, and his foot was caught in a
Wolf-trap that he had not seen.

But he remembered that he had once before been caught and had escaped by
squeezing the trap. He set a hind foot on each spring and pressed till
the trap opened and released his paw. About the carcass was the smell
that he knew stood for man, so he left it and wandered down-stream; but
more and more often he got whiffs of that horrible odor, so he turned
and went back to his quiet piñon benches. Wahb's third summer had
brought him the stature of a large-sized Bear, though not nearly the
bulk and power that in time were his. He was very light-colored now, and
this was why Spahwat, a Shoshone Indian who more than once hunted him,
called him the Whitebear, or Wahb.

Spahwat was a good hunter, and as soon as he saw the rubbing-tree on the
Upper Meteetsee he knew that he was on the range of a big Grizzly. He
bushwhacked the whole valley, and spent many days before he found a
chance to shoot; then Wahb got a stinging flesh-wound in the shoulder.
He growled horribly, but it had seemed to take the fight out of him; he
scrambled up the valley and over the lower hills till he reached a quiet
haunt, where he lay down.

[Illustration]

His knowledge of healing was wholly instinctive. He licked the wound and
all around it, and sought to be quiet. The licking removed the dirt, and
by massage reduced the inflammation, and it plastered the hair down as a
sort of dressing over the wound to keep out the air, dirt, and microbes.
There could be no better treatment.

But the Indian was on his trail. Before long the smell warned Wahb that
a foe was coming, so he quietly climbed farther up the mountain to
another resting-place. But again he sensed the Indian's approach, and
made off. Several times this happened, and at length there was a second
shot and another galling wound. Wahb was furious now. There was nothing
that really frightened him but that horrible odor of man, iron, and
guns, that he remembered from the day when he lost his Mother; but now
all fear of these left him. He heaved painfully up the mountain again,
and along under a six-foot ledge, then up and back to the top of the
bank, where he lay flat. On came the Indian, armed with knife and gun;
deftly, swiftly keeping on the trail; floating joyfully over each bloody
print that meant such anguish to the hunted Bear. Straight up the slide
of broken rock he came, where Wahb, ferocious with pain, was waiting
on the ledge. On sneaked the dogged hunter; his eye still scanned the
bloody slots or swept the woods ahead, but never was raised to glance
above the ledge. And Wahb, as he saw this shape of Death relentless on
his track, and smelled the hated smell, poised his bulk at heavy cost
upon his quivering, mangled arm, there held until the proper instant
came, then to his sound arm's matchless native force he added all the
weight of desperate hate as down he struck one fearful, crushing blow.
The Indian sank without a cry, and then dropped out of sight. Wahb rose,
and sought again a quiet nook where he might nurse his wounds. Thus he
learned that one must fight for peace; for he never saw that Indian
again, and he had time to rest and recover.

[Illustration]




PART II

I.

The years went on as before, except that each winter Wahb slept less
soundly, and each spring he came out earlier and was a bigger Grizzly,
with fewer enemies that dared to face him. When his sixth year came he
was a very big, strong, sullen Bear, with neither friendship nor love in
his life since that evil day on the Lower Piney.

No one ever heard of Wahb's mate. No one believes that he ever had one.
The love-season of Bears came and went year after year, but left him
alone in his prime as he had been in his youth. It is not good for
a Bear to be alone; it is bad for him in every way. His habitual
moroseness grew with his strength, and any one chancing to meet him now
would have called him a dangerous Grizzly.

He had lived in the Meteetsee Valley since first he betook himself
there, and his character had been shaped by many little adventures with
traps and his wild rivals of the mountains. But there was none of the
latter that he now feared, and he knew enough to avoid the first, for
that penetrating odor of man and iron was a never-failing warning,
especially after an experience which befell him in his sixth year.

His ever-reliable nose told him that there was a dead Elk down among the
timber.

[Illustration]

He went up the wind, and there, sure enough, was the great delicious
carcass, already torn open at the very best place. True, there was that
terrible man-and-iron taint, but it was so slight and the feast so
tempting that after circling around and inspecting the carcass from his
eight feet of stature, as he stood erect, he went cautiously forward,
and at once was caught by his left paw in an enormous Bear-trap.
He roared with pain and slashed about in a fury. But this was no
Beaver-trap; it was a big forty-pound Bear-catcher, and he was surely
caught.

Wahb fairly foamed with rage, and madly grit his teeth upon the trap.
Then he remembered his former experiences. He placed the trap between
his hind legs, with a hind paw on each spring, and pressed down with all
his weight. But it was not enough. He dragged off the trap and its clog,
and went clanking up the mountain. Again and again he tried to free his
foot, but in vain, till he came where a great trunk crossed the trail a
few feet from the ground. By chance, or happy thought, he reared again
under this and made a new attempt. With a hind foot on each spring and
his mighty shoulders underneath the tree, he bore down with his titanic
strength: the great steel springs gave way, the jaws relaxed, and he
tore out his foot. So Wahb was free again, though he left behind a great
toe which had been nearly severed by the first snap of the steel.

Again Wahb had a painful wound to nurse, and as he was a left-handed
Bear,--that is, when he wished to turn a rock over he stood on the right
paw and turned with the left,--one result of this disablement was to rob
him for a time of all those dainty foods that are found under rocks or
logs. The wound healed at last, but he never forgot that experience,
and thenceforth the pungent smell of man and iron, even without the gun
smell, never failed to enrage him.

Many experiences had taught him that it is better to run if he only
smelled the hunter or heard him far away, but to fight desperately if
the man was close at hand. And the cow-boys soon came to know that the
Upper Meteetsee was the range of a Bear that was better let alone.




II.

One day after a long absence Wahb came into the lower part of his
range, and saw to his surprise one of the wooden dens that men make for
themselves. As he came around to get the wind, he sensed the taint that
never failed to infuriate him now, and a moment later he heard a loud
_bang_ and felt a stinging shock in his left hind leg, the old stiff
leg. He wheeled about, in time to see a man running toward the new-made
shanty. Had the shot been in his shoulder Wahb would have been helpless,
but it was not.

Mighty arms that could toss pine logs like broomsticks, paws that with
one tap could crush the biggest Bull upon the range, claws that could
tear huge slabs of rock from the mountain-side--what was even the deadly
rifle to them!

When the man's partner came home that night he found him on the reddened
shanty floor. The bloody trail from outside and a shaky, scribbled note
on the back of a paper novel told the tale.


It was Wahb done it. I seen him by the spring and wounded him. I tried
to git on the shanty, but he ketched me. My God, how I suffer! JACK. It
was all fair. The man had invaded the Bear's country, had tried to take
the Bear's life, and had lost his own. But Jack's partner swore he would
kill that Bear.

He took up the trail and followed it up the cañon, and there bushwhacked
and hunted day after day. He put out baits and traps, and at length one
day he heard a _crash, clatter, thump_, and a huge rock bounded down a
bank into a wood, scaring out a couple of deer that floated away like
thistle-down. Miller thought at first that it was a land-slide; but he
soon knew that it was Wahb that had rolled the boulder over merely for
the sake of two or three ants beneath it.

The wind had not betrayed him, so on peering through the bush Miller
saw the great Bear as he fed, favoring his left hind leg and growling
sullenly to himself at a fresh twinge of pain. Miller steadied himself,
and thought, "Here goes a finisher or a dead miss." He gave a sharp
whistle, the Bear stopped every move, and, as he stood with ears acock,
the man fired at his head.

But at that moment the great shaggy head moved, only an infuriating
scratch was given, the smoke betrayed the man's place, and the Grizzly
made savage, three-legged haste to catch his foe.

Miller dropped his gun and swung lightly into a tree, the only large one
near. Wahb raged in vain against the trunk. He tore off the bark with
his teeth and claws; but Miller was safe beyond his reach. For fully
four hours the Grizzly watched, then gave it up, and slowly went off
into the bushes till lost to view. Miller watched him from the tree, and
afterward waited nearly an hour to be sure that the Bear was gone. He
then slipped to the ground, got his gun, and set out for camp. But Wahb
was cunning; he had only _seemed_ to go away, and then had sneaked back
quietly to watch. As soon as the man was away from the tree, too far to
return, Wahb dashed after him. In spite of his wounds the Bear could
move the faster. Within a quarter of a mile--well, Wahb did just what
the man had sworn to do to him.

Long afterward his friends found the gun and enough to tell the tale.

The claim-shanty on the Meteetsee fell to pieces. It never again was
used, for no man cared to enter a country that had but few allurements
to offset its evident curse of ill luck, and where such a terrible
Grizzly was always on the war-path.




III.

Then they found good gold on the Upper Meteetsee. Miners came in pairs
and wandered through the peaks, rooting up the ground and spoiling the
little streams--grizzly old men mostly, that had lived their lives in
the mountain and were themselves slowly turning into Grizzly Bears;
digging and grubbing everywhere, not for good, wholesome roots, but for
that shiny yellow sand that they could not eat; living the lives of
Grizzlies, asking nothing but to be let alone to dig.

[Illustration]

They seemed to understand Grizzly Wahb. The first time they met, Wahb
reared up on his hind legs, and the wicked green lightnings began to
twinkle in his small eyes. The elder man said to his mate:

"Let him alone, and he won't bother you."

"Ain't he an awful size, though?" replied the other, nervously.

Wahb was about to charge, but something held him back--a something that
had no reference to his senses, that was felt only when they were still;
a something that in Bear and Man is wiser than his wisdom, and that
points the way at every doubtful fork in the dim and winding trail.

Of course Wahb did not understand what the men said, but he did feel
that there was something different here. The smell of man and iron was
there, but not of that maddening kind, and he missed the pungent odor
that even yet brought back the dark days of his cubhood.

The men did not move, so Wahb rumbled a subterranean growl, dropped down
on his four feet, and went on.

Late the same year Wahb ran across the red-nosed Blackbear. How that
Bear did keep on shrinking! Wahb could have hurled him across the
Graybull with one tap now.

But the Blackbear did not mean to let him try. He hustled his fat, podgy
body up a tree at a rate that made him puff. Wahb reached up nine feet
from the ground, and with one rake of his huge claws tore off the bark
clear to the shining white wood and down nearly to the ground; and the
Blackbear shivered and whimpered with terror as the scraping of those
awful claws ran up the trunk and up his spine in a way that was horribly
suggestive.

What was it that the sight of that Blackbear stirred in Wahb? Was it
memories of the Upper Piney, long forgotten; thoughts of a woodland rich
in food?

Wahb left him trembling up there as high as he could get, and without
any very clear purpose swung along the upper benches of the Meteetsee
down to the Graybull, around the foot of the Rimrock Mountain; on, till
hours later he found himself in the timber-tangle of the Lower Piney,
and among the berries and ants of the old times.

He had forgotten what a fine land the Piney was: plenty of food, no
miners to spoil the streams, no hunters to keep an eye on, and no
mosquitos or flies, but plenty of open, sunny glades and sheltering
woods, backed up by high, straight cliffs to turn the colder winds.
There were, moreover, no resident Grizzlies, no signs even of passing
travelers, and the Blackbears that were in possession did not count.

Wahb was well pleased. He rolled his vast bulk in an old Buffalo-wallow,
and rearing up against a tree where the Piney Cañon quits the Graybull
Cañon, he left on it his mark fully eight feet from the ground.

In the days that followed he wandered farther and farther up among the
rugged spurs of the Shoshones, and took possession as he went. He found
the signboards of several Blackbears, and if they were small dead trees
he sent them crashing to earth with a drive of his giant paw. If they
were green, he put his own mark over the other mark, and made it clearer
by slashing the bark with the great pickaxes that grew on his toes.

The Upper Piney had so long been a Blackbear range that the Squirrels
had ceased storing their harvest in hollow trees, and were now using the
spaces under flat rocks, where the Blackbears could not get at them; so
Wahb found this a land of plenty: every fourth or fifth rock in the pine
woods was the roof of a Squirrel or Chipmunk granary, and when he turned
it over, if the little owner were there, Wahb did not scruple to flatten
him with his paw and devour him as an agreeable relish to his own
provisions. And wherever Wahb went he put up his sign-board:

Trespassers beware!

It was written on the trees as high up as he could reach, and every one
that came by understood that the scent of it and the hair in it were
those of the great Grizzly Wahb.

If his Mother had lived to train him, Wahb would have known that a good
range in spring may be a bad one in summer. Wahb found out by years of
experience that a total change with the seasons is best. In the early
spring the Cattle and Elk ranges, with their winter-killed carcasses,
offer a bountiful feast. In early summer the best forage is on the warm
hill-sides where the quamash and the Indian turnip grow. In late
summer the berry-bushes along the river-flat are laden with fruit, and
in autumn the pine woods gave good chances to fatten for the winter. So
he added to his range each year. He not only cleared out the Blackbears
from the Piney and the Meteetsee, but he went over the Divide and killed
that old fellow that had once chased him out of the Warhouse Valley.
And, more than that, he held what he had won, for he broke up a camp
of tenderfeet that were looking for a ranch location on the Middle
Meteetsee; he stampeded their horses, and made general smash of the
camp. And so all the animals, including man, came to know that the
whole range from Frank's Peak to the Shoshone spurs was the proper
domain of a king well able to defend it, and the name of that king was
Meteetsee Wahb.

Any creature whose strength puts him beyond danger of open attack is apt
to lose in cunning. Yet Wahb never forgot his early experience with the
traps. He made it a rule never to go near that smell of man and iron,
and that was the reason that he never again was caught.

So he led his lonely life and slouched around on the mountains, throwing
boulders about like pebbles, and huge trunks like matchwood, as he
sought for his daily food. And every beast of hill and plain soon came
to know and fly in fear of Wahb, the one time hunted, persecuted Cub.
And more than one Blackbear paid with his life for the ill-deed of that
other, long ago. And many a cranky Bobcat flying before him took to a
tree, and if that tree were dead and dry, Wahb heaved it down, and tree
and Cat alike were dashed to bits. Even the proud-necked Stallion,
leader of the mustang band, thought well for once to yield the road. The
great, grey Timberwolves, and the Mountain Lions too, left their new
kill and sneaked in sullen fear aside when Wahb appeared. And if, as he
hulked across the sage-covered river-flat sending the scared Antelope
skimming like birds before him, he was faced perchance, by some burly
Range-bull, too young to be wise and too big to be afraid, Wahb smashed
his skull with one blow of that giant paw, and served him as the Range-
cow would have served himself long years ago.

The All-mother never fails to offer to her own, twin cups, one gall, and
one of balm. Little or much they may drink, but equally of each. The
mountain that is easy to descend must soon be climbed again. The
grinding hardship of Wahb's early days, had built his mighty frame. All
usual pleasures of a grizzly's life had been denied him but _power_
bestowed in more than double share. So he lived on year after year,
unsoftened by mate or companion, sullen, fearing nothing, ready to
fight, but asking only to be let alone--quite alone. He had but one
keen pleasure in his sombre life--the lasting glory in his matchless
strength--the small but never failing thrill of joy as the foe fell
crushed and limp, or the riven boulders grit and heaved when he turned
on them the measure of his wondrous force.




IV.

Everything has a smell of its own for those that have noses to smell.
Wahb had been learning smells all his life, and knew the meaning of most
of those in the mountains. It was as though each and every thing had a
voice of its own for him; and yet it was far better than a voice, for
every one knows that a good nose is better than eyes and ears together.
And each of these myriads of voices kept on crying, "Here and such am
I."

The juniper-berries, the rosehips, the strawberries, each had a soft,
sweet little voice, calling, "Here we are--Berries, Berries."

The great pine woods had a loud, far-reaching voice, "Here are we, the
Pine-trees," but when he got right up to them Wahb could hear the low,
sweet call of the piñon-nuts, "Here are we, the Piñon-nuts."

And the quamash beds in May sang a perfect chorus when the wind was
right: "Quamash beds, Quamash beds."

And when he got among them he made out each single voice.

Each root had its own little piece to say to his nose: "Here am I, a
big Quamash, rich and ripe," or a tiny, sharp voice, "Here am I, a
good-for-nothing, stringy little root."

And the broad, rich russulas in the autumn called aloud, "I am a fat,
wholesome Mushroom," and the deadly amanita cried, "I am an Amanita.
Let me alone, or you'll be a sick Bear." And the fairy harebell of the
cañon-banks sang a song too, as fine as its threadlike stem, and as soft
as its dainty blue; but the warden of the smells had learned to report
it not, for this, and a million other such, were of no interest to Wahb.

So every living thing that moved, and every flower that grew, and every
rock and stone and shape on earth told out its tale and sang its little
story to his nose. Day or night, fog or bright, that great, moist nose
told him most of the things he needed to know, or passed unnoticed those
of no concern, and he depended on it more and more. If his eyes and ears
together reported so and so, he would not even then believe it until his
nose said, "Yes; that is right."

But this is something that man cannot understand, for he has sold the
birthright of his nose for the privilege of living in towns.

While hundreds of smells were agreeable to Wahb, thousands were
indifferent to him, a good many were unpleasant, and some actually put
him in a rage.

He had often noticed that if a west wind were blowing when he was at the
head of the Piney Cañon there was an odd, new scent. Some days he did
not mind, it, and some days it disgusted him; but he never followed it
up. On other days a north wind from the high Divide brought a most awful
smell, something unlike any other, a smell that he wanted only to get
away from.


Wahb was getting well past his youth now, and he began to have pains in
the hind leg that had been wounded so often. After a cold night or a
long time of wet weather he could scarcely use that leg, and one day,
while thus crippled, the west wind came down the cañon with an odd
message to his nose. Wahb could not clearly read the message, but it
seemed to say, 'Come,' and something within him said, 'Go.' The smell
of food will draw a hungry creature and disgust a gorged one. We do not
know why, and all that any one can learn is that the desire springs from
a need of the body. So Wahb felt drawn by what had long disgusted him,
and he slouched up the mountain path, grumbling to himself and slapping
savagely back at branches that chanced to switch his face.

The odd odor grew very strong; it led him where he had never been
before--up a bank of whitish sand to a bench of the same color, where
there was unhealthy-looking water running down, and a kind of fog coming
out of a hole. Wahb threw up his nose suspiciously--such a peculiar
smell! He climbed the bench.